Drowning and Forensic Medical Process in Türkiye: A Retrospective Analysis of 989 Autopsied Cases Over Five Years
Organized by: International Forensic Scientist Awards
Website: forensicscientist.org
16th Edition of Forensic Scientist Awards 28-29 November 2025 | Agra, India
Drowning remains a significant public health and forensic concern, particularly in regions with extensive coastlines, rivers, and water-based activities. In Türkiye, the forensic medical system plays a critical role in determining the cause and manner of death in suspected drowning cases. This retrospective study analyzes 989 autopsied drowning cases examined over a five-year period, providing valuable insights into the medico-legal processes and key forensic findings.
The study reviews demographic trends, seasonal patterns, and common risk factors associated with drowning-related deaths. It highlights the essential forensic procedures used during examinations, including external inspection, internal autopsy findings, toxicological testing, and assessments of vital reactions. The analysis also emphasizes the importance of differentiating true drowning from other causes of death that may mimic drowning, such as cardiac events, trauma, or intoxication.
Through detailed evaluation, the research identifies major forensic indicators such as frothy fluid in airways, pulmonary edema, hyperinflated lungs, and diatom testing when applicable. It also discusses the challenges faced by forensic experts in ambiguous or decomposed cases, where the determination of drowning requires a combination of autopsy findings and investigative information.
This comprehensive review strengthens the understanding of drowning patterns in Türkiye and underscores the need for continuous improvements in forensic protocols, public safety measures, and preventive interventions. The findings contribute to national mortality data and support healthcare and law enforcement authorities in better addressing aquatic-related fatalities.
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