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Forensics under the Artificial Intelligence Act: Implications for Justice and Technology

Organized by: International Forensic Scientist Awards
Website: forensicscientist.org

17th Edition of Forensic Scientist Awards 29-30 December 2025 | Dubai, United Arab

Introduction

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into forensic science has transformed the way evidence is collected, analyzed, and presented in criminal investigations. From facial recognition and voice analysis to digital evidence triage and predictive analytics, AI-driven tools are now embedded in modern forensic workflows. In response to the growing influence of AI, the Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) establishes a regulatory framework to ensure that AI systems are used responsibly, transparently, and ethically—especially in sensitive areas such as law enforcement and forensic investigations.

Role of AI in Modern Forensic Science

AI technologies are increasingly applied across multiple forensic domains, including:

  • Digital forensics and automated evidence classification

  • Facial recognition and biometric identification

  • Voice and speech analysis in criminal investigations

  • Pattern recognition in fingerprints and handwriting

  • AI-assisted crime scene reconstruction and behavioral analysis

These technologies enhance efficiency and accuracy but also raise concerns related to bias, explain ability, data integrity, and legal admissibility.

Artificial Intelligence Act and Forensic Applications

Under the Artificial Intelligence Act, many forensic AI tools are categorized as high-risk AI systems due to their potential impact on fundamental rights and judicial outcomes. The Act introduces strict obligations for developers, deployers, and authorities using AI in forensic contexts, including:

  • Robust data governance and dataset quality control

  • Transparency and documentation of AI decision-making processes

  • Human oversight in critical forensic determinations

  • Accuracy, reliability, and cybersecurity safeguards

  • Risk management and post-deployment monitoring

These measures aim to strengthen accountability and trust in AI-assisted forensic evidence.

Algorithmic Accountability and Explainable AI

One of the core principles of the AI Act is algorithmic accountability. In forensic science, this means that AI-generated results must be explainable and open to scrutiny by forensic experts, legal professionals, and courts. Explainable AI supports:

  • Scientific validation of forensic tools

  • Cross-examination and expert testimony

  • Fair trial rights and due process

  • Reduced risk of wrongful convictions

Without transparency, AI evidence risks being challenged or excluded in judicial proceedings.

Ethical and Legal Considerations

The use of AI in forensic investigations raises critical ethical and legal issues, including:

  • Bias in training data affecting marginalized populations

  • Privacy concerns in biometric and surveillance technologies

  • Over-reliance on automated decision-making

  • Chain of custody and evidentiary integrity

The AI Act addresses these challenges by emphasizing ethical AI practices, human-in-the-loop systems, and legal compliance across the justice system.

Future of Forensic Science under AI Regulation

The Artificial Intelligence Act does not restrict innovation; rather, it promotes responsible and sustainable use of AI in forensic science. By aligning technological advancement with legal safeguards, the Act enhances public confidence, supports judicial fairness, and encourages the development of reliable, court-admissible forensic AI tools.

As AI continues to evolve, forensic professionals, policymakers, and researchers must collaborate to ensure that technology serves justice—not the other way around.

Conclusion

Forensics under the Artificial Intelligence Act marks a new era of regulated innovation in criminal justice. By enforcing transparency, accountability, and ethical standards, the AI Act strengthens the credibility of forensic evidence and safeguards fundamental rights while enabling the continued advancement of AI-powered forensic technologies.

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